CMake 3.30 发行说明

自 CMake 3.29 以来的变更包括：

新功能

预设

• cmake-presets(7) 文件现在支持 schema 版本 9。 include 字段现在会展开除 $env{} 和预设特定宏（即源自预设定义内部字段的宏）之外的所有宏。

基于文件的 API

• The cmake-file-api(7) "cmakeFiles" 版本 1 对象中的 version 字段已更新为 1.1。它增加了一个 globsDependent 字段，用于报告使用 CONFIGURE_DEPENDS 的 file(GLOB) 调用。

生成器

• Visual Studio 生成器 现在会向 .vcxproj 文件添加 UseDebugLibraries 指示符，以表明哪些配置是调试配置。参见策略 CMP0162。

语言

• The Compile Features 功能现在实现了对 cxx_std_26 和 cuda_std_26 元特征的支持，以指示编译器模式必须至少为 C++26。这些元特征最早由 CMake 3.25 记录，但并未完全实现。

命令

• The add_library() 命令在不支持共享库的平台上，现在会拒绝创建共享库，而不是自动将其转换为静态库。参见策略 CMP0164。

• The enable_language() 命令现在如果在第一次 project() 调用之前被调用，则会以错误告终。参见策略 CMP0165。

• The file(DOWNLOAD) 和 file(UPLOAD) 命令增加了 TLS_VERSION <min> 选项，用于指定与 https:// URL 的连接的最低 TLS 版本。

变量

• The CMAKE_<LANG>_STANDARD_LATEST 变量被添加，用于描述 CMake 为选定的编译器支持的最新 <LANG> 语言标准。

• The CMAKE_TLS_VERIFY 环境变量被添加，作为现有 CMAKE_TLS_VERIFY 变量的回退。它指定了是否默认验证 https:// URL 的服务器证书。

• The CMAKE_TLS_VERSION 变量和 CMAKE_TLS_VERSION 环境变量被添加，用于为 https:// URL 的连接指定一个默认的最低 TLS 版本，供 file(DOWNLOAD) 和 file(UPLOAD) 命令使用。

• The CMAKE_VS_USE_DEBUG_LIBRARIES 变量和对应的 VS_USE_DEBUG_LIBRARIES 目标属性被添加，用于显式控制 .vcxproj 文件中的 UseDebugLibraries 指示符。

属性

• The GENERATED 源文件属性现在在所有目录中都可见。参见策略 CMP0163。策略 CMP0118 的文档已被修订，以描述其实际效果。

• The PROPAGATE_TOP_LEVEL_INCLUDES_TO_TRY_COMPILE 全局属性可用于将 CMAKE_PROJECT_TOP_LEVEL_INCLUDES 传播到使用 整个项目签名 的 try_compile() 调用中。这主要用于使依赖提供者能够在此类 try_compile() 调用中启用。

• A VS_FILTER_PROPS target property was added to tell Visual Studio 生成器 to use a custom MSBuild filter .props file.

模块

• The ExternalProject 模块的 ExternalProject_Add() 命令增加了 TLS_VERSION <min> 选项，并支持 CMAKE_TLS_VERSION 变量和 CMAKE_TLS_VERSION 环境变量，以指定与 https:// URL 的连接的最低 TLS 版本。

• The FindBacktrace 模块现在提供了一个导入的目标。

• The FindBLAS 和 FindLAPACK 模块增加了对 libblastrampoline 的支持。

• The FindCUDAToolkit 模块现在提供了一个针对 libnvfatbin 和 libnvfatbin_static 的目标（如果找到）。

• The FindCUDAToolkit 模块现在即使在 CUDA 语言未启用时，也会搜索 CMAKE_CUDA_COMPILER 变量和 CUDACXX 环境变量。

• The FindOpenMP 模块增加了 OpenMP_RUNTIME_MSVC 选项，用于控制与 MSVC 一起使用的 OpenMP 运行时。

• The FindPython 和 FindPython3 模块增加了对自由线程 Python 版本（free threaded Python version）的支持。

• The FindPython、FindPython2 和 FindPython3 模块在 Windows 上现在对 Python 调试版本提供了更好的支持。

  • 新变量

    • Python_EXECUTABLE_DEBUG

    • Python_INTERPRETER

    • Python_DEBUG_POSTFIX

  • 新目标

    • Python::InterpreterDebug

    • Python::InterpreterMultiConfig

  The python_add_library() command now manages the DEBUG_POSTFIX target property based on the value of the Python_DEBUG_POSTFIX variable.

生成器表达式

• The <LANG>_COMPILER_FRONTEND_VARIANT family of generator expressions were added to access the value of the associated CMAKE_<LANG>_COMPILER_FRONTEND_VARIANT variables.

• Link features, as used with the LINK_LIBRARY generator expression, gained the ability to have attributes that describe their behavior by specifying the CMAKE_LINK_LIBRARY_<FEATURE>_ATTRIBUTES or CMAKE_<LANG>_LINK_LIBRARY_<FEATURE>_ATTRIBUTES variables.

• The QUOTE generator expression was added to evaluate to ".

• The TARGET_PROPERTY generator expression learned to evaluate 自定义传递属性 defined by new TRANSITIVE_COMPILE_PROPERTIES 和 TRANSITIVE_LINK_PROPERTIES target properties.

• The TARGET_PROPERTY generator expression now evaluates target properties INTERFACE_LINK_OPTIONS, INTERFACE_LINK_DIRECTORIES, and INTERFACE_LINK_DEPENDS correctly by following private dependencies of static libraries. See policy CMP0166.

CTest

• The ctest_submit() command and ctest -T Submit step gained TLSVersion and TLSVerify options to control negotiation with https:// URLs. See the CTEST_TLS_VERSION and CTEST_TLS_VERIFY variables.

CPack

• The CPack Inno Setup Generator is now available on non-Windows hosts.

• The CPack NuGet Generator gained the CPACK_NUGET_PACKAGE_README, CPACK_NUGET_PACKAGE_REPOSITORY_URL, CPACK_NUGET_PACKAGE_REPOSITORY_TYPE, CPACK_NUGET_PACKAGE_REPOSITORY_BRANCH, and CPACK_NUGET_PACKAGE_REPOSITORY_COMMIT variables.

• The CPack NuGet Generator can now generate dependency groups for framework-specific dependencies. The CPACK_NUGET_PACKAGE_TFMS variable was added to specify a list of target framework monikers (TFMs) for which groups should be generated.

• The CPack WIX Generator gained support for WiX Toolset v4. See the CPACK_WIX_VERSION variable.

弃用和移除的功能

• The FindBoost 模块已根据策略 CMP0167 被移除。请将项目移植到上游 Boost 的 BoostConfig.cmake 配置文件，find_package(Boost) 现在会搜索该文件。

• Calling FetchContent_Populate() with just the name of a dependency is now deprecated. Projects should call FetchContent_MakeAvailable() instead. See policy CMP0169. Calling FetchContent_Populate() with full population details rather than just a dependency name remains fully supported.

• The Visual Studio 9 2008 generator has been removed.

其他更改

• ctest(1) now rejects unknown command-line arguments with an error. Previously they were silently ignored.

• The precompiled Windows .msi installers provided on cmake.org, when performing a fresh installation, now modify the system-wide PATH by default. When replacing an existing installation of 3.30 or later, the PATH modification preference is preserved by default.

• The official .zip source archive provided on cmake.org now uses LF newlines, instead of CRLF newlines, for consistency with modern conventions.

• The durations printed after "Configuring done" and "Generating done" messages now reflect time spent in generator-specific steps, and in a code model evaluation step at the beginning of generation that was not previously captured. Printed durations may appear longer than in previous versions of CMake, but are more accurate.

• FetchContent now prefers to populate content directly rather than using a separate sub-build. This may significantly improve configure times on some systems (Windows especially, but also on macOS when using the Xcode generator). cmake --fresh also forces the download, update, and patch steps of directly populated dependencies to be re-executed. Policy CMP0168 provides backward compatibility for those projects that still rely on using a sub-build for content population.

• When FETCHCONTENT_FULLY_DISCONNECTED is set to true, FetchContent_MakeAvailable() and the single-argument form of FetchContent_Populate() require that the dependency's source directory has already been populated. CMake 3.29 and earlier did not check this requirement, but it is now enforced, subject to policy CMP0170.

更新

自 CMake 3.30.0 以来的变更包括：

3.30.1, 3.30.2

• 这些版本未对已记录的功能或接口进行任何更改。为了支持生态系统更改和/或修复回归，进行了一些实现更新。

3.30.3

• The project(<PROJECT-NAME>) command now sets <PROJECT-NAME>_SOURCE_DIR, <PROJECT-NAME>_BINARY_DIR, and <PROJECT-NAME>_IS_TOP_LEVEL as normal variables in addition to setting them as cache entries. This is needed to preserve support for some FetchContent use cases under policy CMP0169's NEW behavior.

• The FindPython 和 FindPython3 模块现在分别定义了 Python_DEFINITIONS 和 Python3_DEFINITIONS 变量在 Windows 上，以支持使用自由线程 Python 版本进行开发。为这些模块提供的各种目标也定义了 INTERFACE_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS 目标属性。

3.30.4

• The project(<PROJECT-NAME>) command now sets <PROJECT-NAME>_SOURCE_DIR, <PROJECT-NAME>_BINARY_DIR, and <PROJECT-NAME>_IS_TOP_LEVEL as normal variables only if they are already set as cache or non-cache variables when project() is invoked. Cache entries by the same names are always set as before. This refines 3.30.3's behavior change to restore behavior of nested directories that call project() with the same project name, but the implementation in this release is flawed (this release note has been retroactively updated). It can result in different behavior between the first and subsequent runs. Do not use CMake 3.30.4 if your project contains nested calls to project() with the same project name and you use these variables.

3.30.5

• The project(<PROJECT-NAME>) command now sets <PROJECT-NAME>_SOURCE_DIR, <PROJECT-NAME>_BINARY_DIR, and <PROJECT-NAME>_IS_TOP_LEVEL as non-cache variables only if they are already set as non-cache variables when project() is invoked. Cache entries by the same names are always set as before. This refines 3.30.3's behavior change to restore behavior of nested directories that call project() with the same project name, and it addresses the bug in the implementation introduced in 3.30.4.

3.30.6, 3.30.7, 3.30.8, 3.30.9

• 这些版本未对已记录的功能或接口进行任何更改。为了支持生态系统更改和/或修复回归，进行了一些实现更新。